Which text describes 8 different breath controls?

The Hathayoga Pradipika is the correct text that describes eight different breath controls, known as pranayama. This classic work on yoga, attributed to Swami Swatmarama, provides detailed techniques and philosophies concerning the practice of yoga, with a particular emphasis on the importance of breath regulation as a means to control vital energy (prana).

Pranayama is highlighted as a crucial aspect of yoga within this text, including instructions on how to perform various breath control techniques that are essential for advancing in yoga practice. The systematic presentation of these methods distinguishes the Hathayoga Pradipika from other texts, making it the definitive guide on this topic.

In contrast, while the Bhagavad Gita does discuss yoga and meditation, it does not explicitly enumerate the eight types of breath controls. Pantanjali's Yoga Sutras also outline key components of yoga but focus primarily on the philosophy and ethical foundations of the practice rather than specific breath techniques. The Upanishads, being ancient philosophical texts, delve into spiritual concepts and meditation rather than offering detailed instruction on breath control. Thus, the Hathayoga Pradipika specifically addresses the practice of pranayama in a comprehensive manner, establishing it as the authoritative source on this subject.