What does the term 'Niyama' refer to?

The term 'Niyama' refers specifically to the obligations, observances, and practices that one undertakes towards oneself in the context of yoga philosophy. It is part of the eight limbs of yoga outlined in Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, which provide a framework for ethical living and spiritual practice.

Niyama emphasizes self-discipline and personal practices aimed at cultivating a higher state of consciousness. This includes aspects such as cleanliness (Saucha), contentment (Santosha), self-discipline (Tapas), self-study (Svadhyaya), and surrender to a higher power or acceptance (Ishvara Pranidhana). Engaging in these practices leads to greater self-awareness and fosters an internal environment conducive to spiritual growth.

While other concepts, such as 'Yama,' focus on ethical behavior towards others, Niyama is distinctly centered on one's responsibilities to oneself, making it integral to personal development and the overall practice of yoga.